Pure, transparent audio tracks hand-crafted with love!
Hi, I'm Jody and I've been using binaural beats for 16 years.
A few years ago, I started making my own tracks and found them immensely helpful for getting to sleep, as well as keeping my brain in a productive state while I'm awake.
I posted some of them on YouTube, and thousands of people wrote in to say thanks — these tracks really work!
Then people asked for downloadable files, and after being shut down by Dropbox and charged way-too-much by Amazon for all the data transfer (these tracks are REALLY popular), I've made them available for purchase through my online shop.
Over the years, my side hobby has grown into a proper business and now I make these tracks for a living by listening to my customers and giving them what they want!
Free Download: Gentle, Restful Sleep Cycle
New to binaural beats? This is the track for you.
Just put on your headphones, close your eyes and get ready for the best sleep of your life.
In the first 30 minutes, you'll go from awake (the Beta state) through the relaxed and sleepy (Alpha) state, then after some brief dreaming (Theta state) you'll reach the super-restorative (Delta) state. You'll stay in Delta for 45 minutes then ease back into the REM state, to complete one full sleep cycle.
Sleep cycles vary in length from person to person, but are generally 90 minutes in length. After that, you can take off your headphones and enjoy an excellent night of natural sleep!
Having trouble focusing at work or school?
In today's fast-paced world, we're constantly bombarded with distractions.
Calming down your brain and forcing yourself to focus on “just one thing at a time” seems to be getting more and more difficult.
A lot of people turn to caffeine — but that only makes your brain more scattered!
If you want to give your brain a reboot, I've found that nothing works better than a power nap.
Here's a track you can use to quickly get your brain into a relaxed, rested state.
Free Download: 20-Minute Power Nap
Better than a cup of coffee!
Just put on your headphones, close your eyes and allow your thoughts to drift. Your brain will enter the dreamy Theta state, and you'll have a few random dreams.
Before you know it, there will be a gentle chime waking you up at the end … and you'll feel ready to take over the world!
Disclaimer
I’m not a doctor, just a nerd who loves meditation and experimenting with new things. I test every binaural beat track on myself and make sure I'm happy with the result before I make it public. Ultimately, every person is going to have their own unique experience. Using these tracks is done at your own risk — if you start to experience any negative effects, STOP using them!
Lovable nerd dedicated to improving peoples' lives. Originally from Canada. Current home base: Hengelo, Netherlands. Visited 30 countries since 2013. [
Hi Jody,
I had two quick questions:
1. What made you pick the specific lengths for the tracks?
I was reading some of the papers on binaural beats and they usually say the experiments are run for ~3 minutes for ‘entrainment’ to achieve the right brainwave.
2. What made you pick the carrier tone you chose? Reading the same papers the choices for carrier tone is all over the place.
Thanks,
Denys
Sleep cycles are most commonly 90 minutes in length. When awake, 90 minutes is a standard BRAC (basic rest activity cycle). If you’re interested, there is more information about this on Wikipedia.
The carrier tones I use are a matter of personal preference. For sleeping, I usually go for 100 to 65 Hz, which creates a nice, deep, and most importantly non-annoying tone. For “awake” content, I go higher up, around 200 Hz.
Hi Jody I’m currently using JBL headphones for your power nap videos, do you know if smartphone sound settings can bypass the bass enhancements that seem standard on all JBL products? I’m planning on getting cozy phones ASAP to try out your sleep beats as I your previous comments recommend staying away from higher end headphones with bass enhancements. Thankyou!!
Hey, Marco! Great question. If your headphones don’t have a switch to turn off the enhancements, you can download a graphic equalizer app for your phone and try turning the bass down.
Here’s the link to the CozyPhones: https://amzn.to/2TcdGaK
(As an Amazon Associate, I earn a small referral fee for every purchase. Thanks for your support! 🙂)
Jody,
I have been using your 8hr binaural beats video for a while now to good effect. I recently downloaded your Megapack both to avoid the annoyance of youtube and to feed some support back to you.
Unfortunately, I find that the downloads are mp3 only not mp4. I find the video very useful. I wake up several times during the night. If I wake up in the middle of a deep phase, I will restart at the beginning of that phase rather than just continuing.
Are there mp4s available for the Megapack tracks?
Thanks in advance for your help, and thanks for your wonderful contribution to my sleep.
Hey, Mark! That’s awesome, thanks for your support.
The video files for most of my tracks are huge. They would fill up your phone!
Plus, well … you really shouldn’t be looking at your phone when you’re trying to sleep. 🙂
That said, if you haven’t already done so, I definitely recommend using the Sleep 201 series instead of the 8-hour track, as you’ll be able to easily restart a cycle if you need to.
Also, from my personal experience: I restrict my water intake after 6 PM. I will have a small amount of water just before bed (with some magnesium), but I actually keep myself somewhat dehydrated in the evenings. Dehydration isn’t generally a good thing, I’m not a doctor, and this is not medical advice … but I have found fluid restriction to be very helpful for reducing the number of mid-night wake-ups.
[Posted in response to Vic Drummond]
For your right ear canal and altered left / right balance problem, I suggest you may try Quantum Medicine. Look for SCIO or EDUCTOR on the internet, searching on youtube pages. It will be interesting to know about the different options with this medicine.
Are this ones way effective than the ones on youtube in your chanel or its the same
The tracks on YouTube have the same effect. The downloads are mostly about convenience (no ads, no Wi-Fi, usable while you’re traveling, etc.). The Megapack also includes files that are not on YouTube.
ty
Hey Jody, just discovered you. Good stuff!
I was wondering if you’ve seen the new Examine report on binaural beats? Examine has good epistemic hygiene, and they indicate a high research consistency of notable effects of gamma (although it’s lumped with beta, so… :P).
Curious about what you think about their conclusions in general, not just gamma. I’d link it, but I’m afraid it’ll get caught in your spam filter. You can google “Examine binaural beats” to find the page on the examine website.
Thanks for mentioning the report. I did a Google search and (I think?) I found the page you were referring to. I’ll need to set aside some time to go through it all, but it looks very promising!
So far I haven’t done a whole lot of research on gamma but it’s certainly on my list. I’m currently swimming in studies related to meditation … after that, polyphasic sleep, then the brain/gut connection, then lucid dreaming, and then … maybe gamma? 🙂
[Posted in response to Vic Drummond]
Here’s my 2 cents. In my opinion, for what it’s worth, instead researching and putting a lot of effort working around the ear canal issue to be able to take benefit from binaural beats, you should rather try core meditation techniques. There is unlimited possibilities and unimaginable results attainable from core meditation. Binaural beats is good but it is just an external aid.
In general people should work on their strengths rather than patching up shortcomings to become just an average. (A link for further reading is given below) I’m pretty sure that you are amazingly blessed with some skills or talents that nobody else in this world has. You should meditate to figure that out. All the best.
https://zapier.com/blog/how-to-find-your-strengths/
https://www.amazon.com/Put-Your-Strengths-Work-Outstanding/dp/0743261682
Apologies in advance for this unsolicited advise.
Hey mate! I’ve been wondering lately if you can make binaural beats that can detoxify dopamine in our mind. I’ve done intensive research( through Youtube videos) on how to enhance one’s productivity and one thing that stuck out the most was the concept of ‘dopamine detoxification’ wherein a person has to refrain from any sort of activities or food which can ramificate into the release of immense amount of dopamine in our brain, for at least one day. The gist behind this idea is that dopamine, which acts a reward impulse can also be degrading in the essence that the importance of activities like studying, working out, office-work, etc; which release little dopamine at a slow pace in our minds, may very well be ‘downplayed’ and blatantly ignored in preference of activities of little productivity like video-games(on ends for hours), face-book, instagram, etc; which albeit cause a huge surge of dopamine.
Thank you.
That’s an interesting idea, using binaural beats as a means of treating dopamine addiction.
Any form of treatment, whether it’s binaural beats or medication or counseling, only has so much power without the user’s cooperation.
For example, it’s entirely possible to listen to a binaural beat sleep track and never fall asleep. You can get super-dozy but keep your mind in a “spin cycle” and stay awake. You can also resist hospital-grade sleep drugs if your mind is sufficiently busy. You can go to a psychologist for decades and complain about your problems.. but never actually make any life changes.
So, binaural beats (like any form of treatment) require cooperation on the part of the user to be effective.
In my opinion, addiction to mobile devices, games, Facebook etc. is less about dopamine addiction and more about the power of habit. Whether addictive or not, habits become deeply ingrained in our way of being, and they can be really hard to break. There are tons of behaviors that result in the opposite of dopamine reward (such as depression) which can be just as persistent.
There are ways to transform “boring” tasks (like working or studying) into rewarding experiences. Sometimes, “just getting it done” is rewarding enough; sometimes, tasks can be “gamified.” Personally, I enjoy restaurant food or a nice beverage after a hard day’s work.
Binaural beats can definitely help you get your brain into the right mode for getting stuff done, or focusing inwards to reduce distractions, or having a good night’s sleep so you can be more effective the next day, but ultimately, saying “dopamine addiction is the reason why I can’t get stuff done” isn’t really being accountable, and overlooks the power of daily actions and behaviors.
Thanks for your thoughts! I might put this into a video…
For the last few days, I’ve been listening to the 90 Minutes of Focused Studying on YouTube while studying. Originally, I was skeptical, but it really is much easier for me to focus while listening to that. It’s also easier to get refocused on task after getting interrupted, which I wasn’t expecting. While I was listening to it earlier today, my internet went out and I immediately wished I bought the tracks to keep on my PC. Now that my internet is stable, I picked up the tracks. I’m looking forward to trying the others.
Your asking price is more than generous on your part, I just wish I could afford to give more than that. Thank you so much for everything you’ve done!
Thanks for sharing your experience. It’s good to be skeptical of things you see on the Internet, and I’m glad you’re enjoying the results!
No worries about the purchase amount — I appreciate your support!
Did you know that YouTube compresses all their audio into ACC format… That does make a big difference into how the brain hears something but you can’t hear it… for your track list on Youtube, did you compensate for this?
If you’re referring to the content of the video by “Spiritual Beats”…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywH4Si71Fjc
It’s a scam.
The man in the lab coat is not a neuroscientist, he’s an actor named Frank George and he records these videos on Fiverr.
The video is packed with misleading, inaccurate statements and totally made-up statistics, all designed to manipulate people into buying their product.
In reality, YouTube compression does not affect the quality of binaural beats. Even a ridiculously-compressed audio file will produce a beat that you can use to sleep, meditate, etc.
I have a video planned to explain this in better detail.
I just happened across a video on YouTube last night & put it on for my almost 6 year old. I didn’t use headphones.
He has always had sleeping issues. Starts out sleeping in his bed and within 3 hours is awake, sometimes screaming or sleep walking and comes to sleep in my bed. He is also very squirmy and twitchy.
Right after I put it on, I started reading a book to him. I noticed that he was really still and seemed to have already slipped into sleep(unusual for him). He slept all night and I’m amazed!
I’m glad the binaural beats worked for your son!
A friendly word of caution…
I generally don’t recommend binaural beats for children, simply because we don’t know enough about how they affect sensitive young (still-developing) brains over the long-term.
All the studies on binaural beats (that I’ve found so far) have been conducted on adults. Binaural beats may very well be safe for kids, but I haven’t seen any child-specific studies yet.
One thing I do strongly recommend would be to get your son started with a mindfulness practice. A quick Google search for “mindfulness for kids” shows a variety of videos and websites you could try.
Thanks for your feedback, though. It’s always appreciated!
Hi Jody,
Has the research on these beats progressed since the days of Holosync? I’ve got CDs from way back from Bill Harris. Wondering if it’s useful to explore your more recent mixes.
I went down an Isochronic tones rabbit hole years ago. Bineural is more advantageous?
Thanks ahead. .
I haven’t purchased any Holosync products since 2003, but at that point I already had the feeling that their content hadn’t changed since the 80s or 90s, going purely by the sound of the music they used to lay on top of their tracks.
I don’t know if they’re still researching and publishing new content or if it’s all the same stuff in 2020… I do know that none of their tracks do what mine do (gradually moving through different phases). Most of their tracks have the same beat constant throughout.
I personally find isochronic tones annoying. Also, binaural beats are generated INSIDE the brain (where the magic happens), whereas isochronic tones are more like “external sounds trying to get into the brain,” if that makes sense.
Hi! I have a couple of questions. I’ve listened to your videos on YouTube and love them and want to buy and download them.
However, I downloaded the free one from this site onto my phone, the beginner one, and I am not hearing the two tones distinctly like I did on YouTube so I wasn’t sure it was effective because of that. I have tried altering my settings in my mp3 player to no avail. I have a Samsung Note 8 using the Samsung music app as my mp3 player.
I was hoping you’d be able to share some insight as to what to do. It did it on my laptop too in Windows media player. Is it even an issue if they are not separate? Figured it would have to be.
I also noticed the advanced one on YouTube seemed to do the same thing. Maybe it’s supposed to, I don’t know.
Any direction or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
Hmm, it sounds like your device(s) may have some kind of filter running (surround enhancer, Dolby, Atmos, DTS, bass boost, Beats, echo, reverb, etc.) that’s modifying the audio. Either that or your they may be playing in mono mode.
All the tracks I’ve uploaded, from YouTube to the free download to the Megapack, definitely have proper stereo separation.
Have you tried a different pair of headphones, or did you use the same ones between the phone and the laptop?
Flac vs mp3? Which would u recommend for iPhone or amazon tablet
How ez to download?
If you aren’t a serious audio nerd with super-expensive headphones, MP3 files will definitely suit your needs (and be easier to use).
After completing purchase, you’ll receive an email instantly that has your download link. From there it should be very easy to get the files onto your phone and tablet.
Here’s the link again:
https://gumroad.com/l/bestbinaural
Let me know if you have any trouble!
Hey Jody, great stuff. Question; how many REM cycles should you try to get per night? Before your tracks, I wasn’t getting any; now, I am consistently getting 2 – 3 a night. I am wondering if I can push for more of if 2- 3 is good for someone my age. I’m 42. Thanks mate.
It’s less about the number of cycles, and more about the overall duration. It’s recommended to get at least 1 hour (ideally 2 hours) of both REM sleep and deep sleep every night.
Hi Jody!!
Thank you so much for your tracks!!! I’ve been using them for about 2 years now and I just love how great they have made me feel! Weather it’s helping me fall asleep quickly or taking a little energy boost nap, they have all benefited me greatly! I would absolutely recommend these to anyone. The one area I was very pleasantly surprised they helped with was my depression! I’m not sure if it was finally getting great sleep or what but I’ll take it that’s for sure! They always make me feel good and I suppose that’s all that matters! It’s been great to personally tell you thank you so much for everything you have done!!! Lol, I too couldn’t take another kooky sounding video again either! Thanks for the amazing sleep and all the other great benefits!! I definitely appreciate everything you have done!
Well! That is absolutely excellent! Thank you for sharing, Jennifer. 🙂
I’m new to binaural beats been listening to different things on YouTube. Being that I’m of the Christian faith not sure I want to use something that other religions use for their type of meditation and feeding this into my mind. With that being said I do find things that interest me like beats that help you concentrate, sleepbetter, and certain topic that says could decalcify parts of your body cells, veins whatever and just an overall healing regeneration in cells etc. Is that all bunch of bull?
I’m not really expecting to be transformed miraculously, lol but anything that can help I’m willing to try!
Thanks
Hey, Michael!
Thanks for your support! I see you’ve already gone ahead and purchased the Megapack. 🙂
You may be relieved to know binaural beats are totally religion-safe … my tracks are pure tones generated on a computer, with nothing mixed or added. It’s a very simple cause and effect in terms of how they influence your brainwaves.
With that said, decalcifying veins and healing cells is outside the scope of what binaural beats can do. As I prefer to put it — there are a lot of channels on YouTube that will say whatever it takes to get you to watch their videos!
Hi Jody,
Thank you very much for your work !
Hi use your sounds trying to lower and control a very annoying tinnitus.
I’d like to know if there’s a chance for you to provide (or sell) different kind of brainwaves in high quality (not YouTube) on your website like pure raw gamma for example. Thank you !
There’s a lot of conflicting information about gamma-range brainwaves and I’ll need to do a bit more research to separate what’s true from what’s not. It’s a popular request, though, and is certainly on my list!
Is it true that the compression on YouTube renders these recordings nearly useless?
I’ve tested a number of my tracks post-upload and the stereo separation still seems good. Of course the audio quality isn’t going to be as high as my FLAC downloads… 😉
What’s your take on Gamma binaural beats?
My current opinion… bogus/impossible. The brain doesn’t create binaural beats above 40 Hz, which is where the Gamma range begins.
binaural beats are safe for kids?
I personally wouldn’t recommend binaural beats for children, simply because I don’t know enough about how they affect sensitive young (still-developing) brains over the long-term. Studies may exist, though I haven’t gone looking yet. 🙂
My problem low confidence and anxiety.
Thanks for your input! I’ll create some tracks to help with these.
Its almost impossible to sleep on my back and the headphones wont let me turn to my side
i listened the track on youtube for a while then turned it all of
woke up before dawn and couldnt sleep anymore at all till take melatonin pill
i hope theres an alternative for me
thanks
Hello Filipe!
I totally understand where you’re coming from — sleeping on my back isn’t my favorite either.
I’m in the process of reviewing different headphones for sleeping and plan to release a video on this subject.
Stay tuned!
Please Jody … try to record your multi-90 minute segments etc using isochronic tones … I like the fact that each of your segments is different and is what sleep is supposed to be like. I use your 8 hour series with flat headphones but I hate them, and would much rather play isochronic tones on a sound system in my bedroom. I cannot find someone who does sleep like you do AND does it on isochronic tones. I don’t simply want 8 hours of Delta or Theta … so yes you do it correct but somehow you need to spend the money and time and do it with isochronic tones. PLEASE !!!!!
I certainly appreciate the passion in your message, Xavier!
Binaural beats and isochronic tones are created through an entirely different process. What you’re basically asking is for me to stop being a carpenter and switch to being a mechanic… apples and oranges, my friend!
Hello, I’d like to know if more concentration/ focus tracks will be available soon or not and if it is possible to buy only the concentration track without the others (because I already sleep well ?).
More tracks are definitely planned! I don’t currently have a way of making tracks available individually.
Recommend a brand name binoral head set.
If you’re looking for headphones that won’t get in the way while you’re trying to sleep (especially on your side), check out these flat headband headphones (CozyPhones)!
Just want to confirm that one can use AirPods for this?
Indeed! Just be sure to disable any effects/filters/enhancers/surround/bass boost/etc.
Hi. Regarding preserving the purity of the audio – I listen on my (fairly new) HTC smartphone. It tries to be helpful by engaging something called ‘HTC BoomSound’ when I’ve got headphones plugged into the phone. It is supposed to make music sound better through the headphones (and it does), but by mixing the L and R channels it messes up the binaural effect. It is easy enough to turn this off, but thought I’d mention it in case other people didn’t realise that their phones might be interfering in this kind of way with the audio output!
Thanks for making these, I really value the fact that there is no drippy distracting music playing in the background. Jim
Awesome! Thanks for sharing your experience, Jim.
Agreed — enhancers, filters, etc. are always well-intentioned but often screw things up. 😉
I couldn’t agree more. I’m delighted to have found your unadulterated recordings, Jody. Thank you.
Yes that is correct I hear the mix of the wooble (two mixed tones) instead of the pure tone while using only one earphone or the other.
Ah! Yeah, that’s definitely being created by the PC. Listening on another device (phone or tablet) should clear it up.
If that isn’t possible, have a look at the “Playback devices” under “Sound” in the Control Panel. You might have the configuration set to mono instead of stereo.
Hi there I tried your demos but for some reason the sound seems mixed before it reaches my headphones. I already tested the headphones and it seems the channel are actually separated but I don’t know if it is a configuration thing on my PC or actually the sound itself so no channel with pure separation appears. I would love to give it a try. Can you help?
Hey, Ed!
To make sure I understand, when you lift up one earphone, you’re hearing the binaural “wobble” instead of a pure tone?
Thanks!
Jody, do your binaural beats work with ANY cheap headphones, or only the high quality sound ones?
When it comes to binaural beats I actually prefer the cheap headphones, because they generally don’t come with any fancy effects, filters, enhancers, bass boost etc. which often tend to muddy up the sound of pure tones.
These flat headband headphones (CozyPhones) are my current favorite for sleeping: https://amzn.to/2TcdGaK
Hi Jody, I’m Vic in Australia… I recently purchased and downloaded your binaural beats meditation tracks… I agree with you, I was shocked to find most of what is uploaded to youtube is absolute rubbish, not even proper separate, individual left / right tones… I’m interested to discuss with you further… I’ve no right ear canal and so am experimenting with altered left / right balance and different frequencies to compensate for my anomaly (with no ear canal, some frequencies pass through easier than others). Also living as a Single Sided Deafness person, I’ve always felt an ever-increasing knowledge / creativity imbalance in my life, due to sound input imbalance into my brain hemispheres. Interestingly, there is a huge percentage of the population who have this affliction and I’m wanting to reach out and help these people. Kind regards – Vic
Have you gotten a response on this? I too know a single sided deaf person and want to know if there is a way to trigger their brain through binaural beats?
I’m not a doctor, but I do know that:
– the binaural response happens deep in the brain stem (olivary nucleus)
– it’s a result of both ears “reporting” different frequencies.
I can imagine that if you had a way to directly stimulate the nerves of the olivary nucleus, it might be possible to produce the same kind of effect. Of course, that would require sticking needles and electrodes into your friend’s brain. It might also be possible to send impulses along the auditory nerve of the deaf side to produce the response.
Still speculating, I would guess that the answer depends on what kind of deafness your friend has — do all the necessary parts exist? Are the nerves alive or dead? Where did the deafness come from, were they born like that? etc. etc.
Just an idea, but isochronic tones may be good for someone who can only hear in one hear as they don’t need stereo headphones.
I don’t know if this works for your situation, you mention no canal, but not if there is a lack of ear drum.
I you still have an ear drum they make some brettu inexpensive headphone that send sound waves through the bone instead of through ear buds.
Amazon has several varieties under $50….
Also Sleep by Android (they also make Mindroid) has a company that makes a sleep mask (and dark glasses) that sync your brain using flashing LED s…. you can get the Mindroid app and just put the phone over you closed eyes to see if this may work…
They do have a sound beat track that goes with it, but I know the lights are an important part. I believe Happy Electronics makes the gear.
Even if you have one-sided deafness, I think it is still worth trying Binaural beats. the key is that you have a different tone play in each ear at a different beat/ Frequency.
In theory, you should still get that difference.. one side gets sound and the other gets nothing exery x seconds / hz…. so seems like the goal is being accomplished. you might try an app like brainwaves where you can set hz and time. it is dm fr r[
My wife is in the same situation. I recently saw an ad for bone conduction enhanced headphones. Certainly, looks promising.
bone conduction is certainly the answer as the frequencies are in the audible range of 20-20000hz, and the benefit understood as the difference between left and right input. Actually, missing an ear canal makes no difference at all.
The problem with bone conduction headphones: it’s really hard to know if you’re getting any stereo separation at all, because the whole skull is basically vibrating with sound.
I wonder how much of a difference there is stimulating the brain through nerves connected to your ear drums vs. through nerves by touch. Someone mentioned the Mindroid app earlier. I suppose that would be the same idea. Your eyes still respond to stimuli while sleeping.
When ‘binaural’ people block both ear canals they still hear sounds, (though muffled). The reason being your whole head bones receive sound.
Try using ‘over ear’ type headphones (the large bulky ones) on other boney parts of your head, then maybe increase the volume slightly.
You may need lower (bass) frequencies to notice a difference, as these have more energy and enter the skeletal system easier.
That’s an interesting response but it presents the same problem as bone conduction headphones — vibrating your whole skull may result in improper left/right separation.
Hey Vic,
this is super interesting, a very dear friend of mine has a better right than left side hearing since childhood due to a not properly fixed medical condition back then. how exactly could a hearing asymetry have an influence on one’s knowledge/creativity balance and what did you do about it in your case, if you would fell comfortable to share it, please?
Best regards
Andreas
Dr. Patrick Flanagan™ invented the Neurophone in 1958. It is an electronic nervous system excitation device that transmits sound through the skin directly to the brain, for which he received U.S. Patent no.3,393,279 in 1968.
The invention earned him a profile in Life magazine, which called him a “unique, mature and inquisitive scientist”. Dr. Flanagan™ has continued to develop the neurophone and it is currently being sold as an aid to speed learning.
They are still around – try phisciences.com
Try getting shockz headphones they use bone conductivity and have helped people like you hear through that blocked ear.
The problem with bone conduction headphones: since they basically make the whole skull (or jaw) vibrate, it’s really hard (if not impossible) to tell if you’re getting proper stereo separation. How do you know if the tone intended for the RIGHT ear isn’t being heard by the LEFT? You really don’t.